On August 12th, 205 detainees, more than 500 correction officers, and 150 members of the press gather to see Public Enemy, the first hip hop group to perform at Rikers. Chuck D wants to make sure their message of racial uplift reaches people inside. The performance opens with Professor Griff announcing that blackness is a prison and continues with hit songs like “Fight the Power.” Photojournalists insist on a photo of the group in a cell to mark the occasion. They agree, though group members and their publicist feel it makes a mockery of the experiences of detainees.

This timeline is a collaboration between visual artist Isaac Scott and historian Dr. Shana Russell., “1988: Public Enemy Performs,” Rikers Public Memory Project Archive, accessed October 17, 2026, http://archive.rikersmemoryproject.org/items/show/277.